The main cause of kidney disorders that are at their final stages is diabetic renal disease, which is a growing public health burden. Host-gut microbiota interactions have become increasingly important for maintaining host homeostasis in recent years. There is growing evidence for a bidirectional microbiota-kidney interaction in the setting of nephropathies, which is particularly noticeable with progressive kidney dysfunction [1]. In fact, chronic kidney disease alters the "healthy" microbiota structure, causing intestinal microbes to produce large amounts of uremic solutes that damage the kidneys [2]. On the other hand, the uremic state, fuelled by decreased renal clearance, causes changes in microbial metabolism and composition, creating a vicious cycle in which dysbiosis and renal dysfunction worsen over time