Nanotechnology is one of the fastest growing technologies. It is expected to become a trillion US dollar industry within the next decade. According to the British Standards Institution, the American Society for Testing Materials, and the Scientific Committee on Emerging and Newly-Identified Health Risks, engineered nanoparticles (ENPs) have a dimension between 1 to 100nm and poses unique physical and chemical properties compared to their larger counterparts. Due to these novel properties, a wide range of new industrial applications for ENPs have been developed including: drug delivery, medical devices, food, cosmetics, agriculture chemicals and inputs, water purification and decontamination as well a range of applications in electronics and materials science. The wide and expanding application of ENPs may result in their release into the aquatic environment with exposure to aquatic organisms posing a risk that remains poorly understood. For drug and agricultural applications, the attractiveness of ENPs is the greater bioactivity.