Obesity, Metabolic and Cardiovascular Disorders

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According to World Health Organization in 2014, 39% of adults worldwide are overweight with body mass index >25 kg/m2 and 13% of adults are obese with body mass index >30 kg/m2. Obesity is the most general chronic illness and worldwide epidemic problem, as underlying factor for it are as follows: Metabolic/cardiovascular related diseases • Dysplipidemia Hypertriglyceridemia, increased low-density lipoprotein levels, decreased high-density lipoprotein levels, increased plasma levels of free fatty acids and triacylglycerol with intracellular accumulation of lipids and alterations of cardiac metabolism. • Type 2 diabetes mellitus with hyperglycemia as the major pathogenetic factor of its micro vascular complications, and insulin resistance as the major cause of macro vascular complications; • Arterial hypertension related to obesity caused by activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, increased sympathetic nervous system activity, physical compression of the kidneys by fat in and around the kidneys.