The developing countries are faced nowadays, to deterioration of the air quality; many factors are incremented, the most important are the traffic sector and the rapid industrialization. The situation which prevails in emerging countries is not known enough. We consider actually that in Algeria, every year 10 to 12 million inhabitants consult for acute episodes of respiratory diseases. Number of these episodes is directly linked to exposure to air pollution. Over a period of two consecutive years ,20606 patients were identified. The respiratory symptoms have represent 11.23% of the reason for consultation; more part of patients was female with a mean age of 42. The mean reason for consultation was asthma 28.51%. The upper respiratory tract infection represented 28.38%.